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I'm a software engineer and product leader focused on modern web technologies and AI.

An angel investor once described my core soft skill as: "The ability to perceive exactly what needs to be done. And then to do it."

My experience working in difficult environments around the world means that I can be trusted to get things done, even when things go wrong.

This website was built by hand, before AI.

Here's an ongoing autobiography, which shares my story of leaving school in 9th grade to join the workforce: now the subject of a chapter on grit and resilience in the bestselling book Mindshift by Barbara Oakley.

I've won several awards for economic research and have been published or interviewed in Virgin Entrepreneur, a16z's Future.com, The Atlantic's CityLab, Foreign Policy, and in academic volumes by Routledge and Palgrave MacMillan.

In a past life, I coined the term "Startup Cities" as co-founder of StartupCities.org in Guatemala City and a startup spinoff, both of which focused on why startups should build cities. This was originally a fringe idea, but has now attracted significant capital and founder interest in the 2020s. I sometimes write about Startup Cities at StartupCities.com

I read and collect obscure memoirs from the history of business and technology. You can find some of them in my public library. Send me your recommendations!

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AI Model Fragmentation

Everyone's talking about "AGI models" like Astra and Fable, but what's more interesting is how businesses' model stacks have fragmented.

First, large companies like Uber now use model routing to send requests to fleets of models, many open source. Model routers mean that the user often doesn't even know what model serviced the request.

Second, most people do not feel brand loyalty to a lab. They will switch on a dime, just like engineers learned to switch cloud providers 10 years ago.

Third, engineers have discovered that you don't need the smartest model as a coding agent. The "best" models often talk too much, take too long, and overcomplicate. Coding tasks are increasingly distributed to dumber models, driven by individual taste.

Fourth, the launch of Jev laid bare that the LLM is not the end of AI integrations and tooling. Jev seems clearly superior to LLMs for many tasks. Jev can easily replace tasks that currently use a hacked-together call to Luna or Haiku. LLMs + Jevs working together seems like the natural outcome.

The story of "one model to rule them all" seems less and less likely.

The future possibly looks quite like the past: similar to how cloud compute feels like a commodity with low loyalty, intense price competition, and lots of people reducing switching costs by wrapping the ecosystem.

Sep 18, 2026
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